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Mathematical models of periodic breathing and their usefulness in understanding cardiovascular and respiratory disorders.
- Source :
-
Experimental physiology [Exp Physiol] 2006 Mar; Vol. 91 (2), pp. 295-305. Date of Electronic Publication: 2005 Nov 10. - Publication Year :
- 2006
-
Abstract
- Periodic breathing is an unusual form of breathing with oscillations in minute ventilations and with repetitive apnoeas or near apnoeas. Reported initially in patients with heart failure or stroke, it was later recognized to occur especially during sleep. The recurrent hypoxia and surges of sympathetic activity that often occur during the apnoeas have serious health consequences. Mathematical models have helped greatly in the understanding of the causes of recurrent apnoeas. It is unlikely that every instance of periodic breathing has the same cause, but many result from instability in the feedback control involved in the chemical regulation of breathing caused by increased controller and plant gains and delays in information transfer. Even when it is not the main cause of the periodic breathing, unstable control modifies the ventilatory pattern and sometimes intensifies the recurrent apnoeas. The characteristics of disturbances to breathing and their interaction with the control system can be critical in determining ventilation responses and the occurrence of periodic breathing. Large abrupt changes in ventilation produced, for example, in the transition from waking to sleep and vice versa, or in the transition from breathing to apnoea, are potent factors causing periodic breathing. Mathematical models show that periodic breathing is a 'systems disorder' produced by the interplay of multiple factors. Multiple factors contribute to the occurrence of periodic breathing in congestive heart failure and cerebrovascular disease, increasing treatment options.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Arousal physiology
Cardiovascular Diseases physiopathology
Cerebrovascular Disorders etiology
Chemoreceptor Cells physiology
Heart Failure etiology
Humans
Models, Theoretical
Periodicity
Respiration Disorders physiopathology
Respiratory Center metabolism
Respiratory Center physiology
Sleep physiology
Apnea etiology
Cardiovascular Diseases etiology
Models, Biological
Respiration Disorders etiology
Respiratory Mechanics physiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0958-0670
- Volume :
- 91
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Experimental physiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 16282367
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2005.032268