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Genetic prion disease: the EUROCJD experience.
- Source :
-
Human genetics [Hum Genet] 2005 Nov; Vol. 118 (2), pp. 166-74. Date of Electronic Publication: 2005 Nov 15. - Publication Year :
- 2005
-
Abstract
- A total of 10-15% of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases are characterised by disease-specific mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP). We examined the phenotype, distribution, and frequency of genetic TSEs (gTSEs) in different countries/geographical regions. We collected standardised data on gTSEs between 1993 and 2002 in the framework of the EUROCJD collaborative surveillance project. Our results show that clinicopathological phenotypes include genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD), fatal familial insomnia (FFI), and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS). Genetic TSE patients with insert mutation in the PRNP represent a separate group. Point and insertional mutations in the PRNP gene varies significantly in frequency between countries. The commonest mutation is E200K. Absence of a positive family history is noted in a significant proportion of cases in all mutation types (12-88%). FFI and GSS patients develop disease earlier than gCJD. Base pair insertions associated with the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) phenotype, GSS, and FFI cases have a longer duration of illness compared to cases with point mutations and gCJD. Cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 immunoassay, EEG, and MRI brain scan are useful in the diagnosis of CJD with point mutations, but are less sensitive in the other forms. Given the low prevalence of family history, the term "gTSE" is preferable to "familial TSE". Application of genetic screening in clinical practice has the advantage of early diagnosis and may lead to the identification of a risk of a TSE.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Amyloid cerebrospinal fluid
Brain diagnostic imaging
DNA Mutational Analysis
Europe
Female
Gene Frequency
Genetic Testing
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Prevalence
Prion Diseases cerebrospinal fluid
Prion Diseases diagnosis
Prion Diseases epidemiology
Prion Proteins
Prions
Protein Precursors cerebrospinal fluid
Radiography
Risk Factors
Amyloid genetics
Mutagenesis, Insertional
Point Mutation
Prion Diseases genetics
Protein Precursors genetics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0340-6717
- Volume :
- 118
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Human genetics
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 16187142
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-005-0020-1