Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: which diagnostic procedures can be used?

Background: To improve breast cancer treatment, the evaluation of predictive factors is in the focus of clinical research. Significant discrepancies between the clinical assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and the pathological assessment of response from post-therapy surgical specimens have been demonstrated. We focused on comparing the value of various diagnostic methods used in medical routine.
Patients and Methods: A clinical evaluation of the primary tumour and regional lymph nodes before and after NACT was performed in 139 patients by physical examination, sonography and mammography.
Results: Mammography and physical examination correlated best with pathological findings in the measurement of the tumour, whereas sonography was the most accurate predictor of the status for axillary lymph nodes.
Conclusion: Mammography and physical examination are the best non-invasive predictors of the real size of the primary breast cancer, whereas sonography correlates better with the proven status of axillary lymph nodes.