Back to Search
Start Over
Executive functions and methylphenidate response in subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
- Source :
-
Biological psychiatry [Biol Psychiatry] 2005 Jun 01; Vol. 57 (11), pp. 1452-60. - Publication Year :
- 2005
-
Abstract
- Background: Oculomotor tasks are a well-established means of studying executive functions and frontal-striatal functioning in both nonhuman primates and humans. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to implicate frontal-striatal circuitry. We used oculomotor tests to investigate executive functions and methylphenidate response in two subtypes of ADHD.<br />Methods: Subjects were boys, aged 11.5-14 years, with ADHD-combined (n = 10), ADHD-inattentive (n = 12), and control subjects (n = 10). Executive functions assessed were motor planning (tapped with predictive saccades), response inhibition (antisaccades), and task switching (saccades-antisaccades mixed).<br />Results: The ADHD-combined boys were impaired relative to control subjects in motor planning (p < .003) and response inhibition (p < .007) but not in task switching (p > .92). They were also significantly impaired relative to ADHD-inattentive boys, making fewer predictive saccades (p < .03) and having more subjects with antisaccade performance in the impaired range (p < .04). Methylphenidate significantly improved motor planning and response inhibition in both subtypes.<br />Conclusions: ADHD-combined but not ADHD-inattentive boys showed impairments on motor planning and response inhibition. These deficits might be mediated by brain structures implicated specifically in the hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. Methylphenidate improved oculomotor performance in both subtypes; thus, it was effective even when initial performance was not impaired.
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Analysis of Variance
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity classification
Child
Demography
Humans
Inhibition, Psychological
Male
Motor Activity drug effects
Neuropsychological Tests
Predictive Value of Tests
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Psychomotor Performance drug effects
Reaction Time drug effects
Reproducibility of Results
Saccades drug effects
Trail Making Test
Visual Acuity drug effects
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity drug therapy
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity physiopathology
Central Nervous System Stimulants therapeutic use
Methylphenidate therapeutic use
Problem Solving drug effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0006-3223
- Volume :
- 57
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Biological psychiatry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 15950020
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.029