Immunosuppressive property of a very high purity antihaemophilic preparation: a low molecular weight component inhibits an early step of PHA induced cell activation.

Immune deficiency has been reported in haemophiliac patients receiving antihaemophilic factor VIII preparations, but the mechanisms involved in the immunosuppression are not fully understood. By using the proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) as a test system, we investigated the inhibitory influence of a very high purity antihaemophilic factor (AHF) preparation on T cell proliferation and on T lymphocyte activation molecules. We observed that this preparation reduced significantly the PHA-induced mononuclear cell proliferation, independently of the monocyte concentration. The AHF preparation did not act through a cytotoxic mechanism or a steric hindrance of PHA. The AHF preparation had no effect on the immediate expression of T lymphocyte activation molecules such as CD54 (ICAM-1). In contrast, the very high purity AHF reduced the induced expression of two early T cell activation molecules: CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor) and CD71 (transferrin receptor). The very high purity AHF also had the capacity to inhibit the up-regulation of two late activation antigens, CD38 and CD11a/CD18, and to inhibit the induced expression of HLA-DR molecule, defined also as a late T cell activation molecule. The CD45R expression level, used as a control marker, was not changed after AHF exposure. The very high purity AHF therefore influenced an early step of cell proliferation. We have also shown that the immunoregulatory properties of the preparation were not restricted to the factor VIII itself, but resulted from the presence of dialysable and low molecular weight components in the preparation.