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Contribution of HIV-1 infection to acquisition of sexually transmitted disease: a 10-year prospective study.
- Source :
-
The Journal of infectious diseases [J Infect Dis] 2005 Feb 01; Vol. 191 (3), pp. 333-8. Date of Electronic Publication: 2004 Dec 22. - Publication Year :
- 2005
-
Abstract
- Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) enhance human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 susceptibility, but few studies have examined the reciprocal effect of HIV-1 on STD acquisition.<br />Methods: Data from a prospective cohort study conducted among female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya between 1993 and 2003 were used to determine the effect of HIV-1 infection on STD susceptibility. The cohort included 1215 HIV-1-seronegative women who underwent monthly HIV-1 and STD screening, of whom 238 experienced seroconversion to HIV-1 during follow-up. Andersen-Gill proportional-hazards models were used to compare the incidence rates for genital-tract infections (syphilis, genital ulcer disease [GUD], Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, Trichomonas vaginalis infection, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis) in HIV-1-seropositive versus HIV-1-seronegative women, after controlling for sexual behavior and other potential confounding factors.<br />Results: HIV-1 infection was associated with a significantly higher incidence of GUD (hazard ratio [HR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-3.9), gonorrhea (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.8). The risks of GUD and vulvovaginal candidiasis increased with progressive levels of immunosuppression.<br />Conclusions: The increased incidence of genital-tract infections among HIV-1-seropositive women could promote the spread of both HIV-1 and other STDs, particularly in areas where these conditions are highly prevalent.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Cohort Studies
Female
Genital Diseases, Female epidemiology
Genital Diseases, Female etiology
HIV Infections epidemiology
HIV Infections transmission
HIV-1 physiology
Humans
Incidence
Kenya epidemiology
Proportional Hazards Models
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
Sexually Transmitted Diseases etiology
HIV Infections complications
Sex Work
Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology
Sexually Transmitted Diseases transmission
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0022-1899
- Volume :
- 191
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Journal of infectious diseases
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 15633091
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1086/427262