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Toll-like receptors in innate immunity.
- Source :
-
International immunology [Int Immunol] 2005 Jan; Vol. 17 (1), pp. 1-14. - Publication Year :
- 2005
-
Abstract
- Functional characterization of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has established that innate immunity is a skillful system that detects invasion of microbial pathogens. Recognition of microbial components by TLRs initiates signal transduction pathways, which triggers expression of genes. These gene products control innate immune responses and further instruct development of antigen-specific acquired immunity. TLR signaling pathways are finely regulated by TIR domain-containing adaptors, such as MyD88, TIRAP/Mal, TRIF and TRAM. Differential utilization of these TIR domain-containing adaptors provides specificity of individual TLR-mediated signaling pathways. Several mechanisms have been elucidated that negatively control TLR signaling pathways, and thereby prevent overactivation of innate immunity leading to fatal immune disorders. The involvement of TLR-mediated pathways in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been proposed. Thus, TLR-mediated activation of innate immunity controls not only host defense against pathogens but also immune disorders.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Bacteria immunology
Humans
Infections microbiology
Membrane Glycoproteins classification
Phagocytosis immunology
Phylogeny
Receptors, Cell Surface classification
Signal Transduction immunology
Toll-Like Receptors
Viruses immunology
Immunity, Innate
Infections immunology
Membrane Glycoproteins physiology
Receptors, Cell Surface physiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0953-8178
- Volume :
- 17
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International immunology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 15585605
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxh186