Regional citrate anticoagulation in critically ill patients treated with plasma filtration and adsorption.

Background: In high-risk bleeding conditions conventional systemic anticoagulation with heparin is a contraindication to renal replacement therapy. We evaluate the feasibility and safety of regional citrate anticoagulation in high-risk bleeding conditions during coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA).
Methods: Thirteen critically ill patients (9 severely burned, 4 polytraumas) with septic shock and acute renal failure treated with CPFA-CVVHD by using bicarbonate-based solutions (heparin-CPFA group, 58 sessions) or with CPFA-CVVHF using citrate (citrate-CPFA group, 36 sessions).
Results: Plasma flow and used cartridges showed no differences between the citrate-CPFA and heparin-CPFA groups, while lost clotted cartridges were significantly lower in the citrate-CPFA group. Blood ionized calcium (iCa2+), Ca2+ infusion, pH and bicarbonates remained constant during citrate-CPFA, with no difference between pre- and post-cartridge plasma citrate. A significant positive correlation between iCa2+ in blood and ultrafiltrate was present.
Conclusions: These suits demonstrate the feasibility and safety of regional citrate anticoagulation in severely burned and polytrauma septic patients treated by CPFA.