The influence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection in the recipient on late renal allograft failure.

Background: Chronic liver disease is one of the most important complications after renal transplantation. Hepatitis B and mainly hepatitis C are the more frequent causes of liver disease. Although there are controversial results, in some series, hepatitis B and hepatitis C are associated with lower graft and patient survival.
Patients and Methods: A total of 3365 adult patients who received a renal transplant in 1990 (N = 824), 1994 (N = 1075) and 1998 (N = 1466) with a functioning graft after the first year were included. Fifty-one (2.1%) with positive HbsAg were diagnosed with hepatitis B at transplantation; 488 (16.9%) presented positive anti-hepatitis C antibodies and were diagnosed with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and 25 patients (0.8%) were diagnosed with concomitant hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HVC infection. Demographic, immunosuppression, survival figures and post-transplant and follow-up data of these patients and negative HBV and HVC patients were recorded.
Results: The overall prevalence of HBV in the recipients was 2.1%. Patient survival was lower and liver disease was the main cause of death in HBV-positive patients. However, in the multivariate analysis the presence of positive HbsAg did not have an independent risk factor for graft loss and patient death. This finding was similar in patients with concomitant HBV and HVC infection. Graft and patient survival were lower in HCV-positive patients and liver disease was the main cause of death. Interestingly, proteinuria and serum creatinine were risk factors for graft loss and patient death. Fortunately, prevalence of HCV in the recipients significantly decreased from 29% in 1990 to 10% in 1998.
Conclusions: In the last decade in Spain, HBV infection in the recipients, showing an overall prevalence approximately 2%, did not influence graft and patient survival. However, HCV infection in the recipient was associated with lower graft and patient survival, although the prevalence of HCV clearly decreased from 29% in 1990 to 10% in 1998.