Hepatitis E virus is responsible for decompensation of chronic liver disease in an endemic region.

Background: Hepatitis A virus infection in patients with previously stable chronic liver disease is associated with liver decompensation. Whether infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) also does so is not known.
Methods: We studied 32 patients with decompensated liver disease and definite evidence of underlying cirrhosis for evidence of recent HEV infection.
Results: Of 32 patients, 14 (44%) had detectable IgM anti-HEV in their serum. In comparison, only 3 of 48 (6%) patients with stable cirrhosis and no recent decompensation had such antibodies (p<0.0001). Of the 14 patients with evidence of recent HEV infection, 11 had history of prodrome. The etiology of cirrhosis in these patients was: hepatitis B 6, hepatitis C 2, both hepatitis B and C 2, Wilson's disease 1, autoimmune 1 and cryptogenic 2. Two of these 14 patients died. Twelve patients survived, as compared to 9 of 18 patients without evidence of recent HEV infection (p<0.01).
Conclusion: HEV infection is a frequent cause of decompensation in patients with liver cirrhosis in HEV-endemic regions.