Rebleeding of a vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm during stent-assisted coil embolization: a pitfall of the "stent and coil" technique.

Background: A stent-assisted coil embolization has been applied as a novel choice of treatment for vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADAs).
Clinical Presentation: A 45-year-old man suffered from subarachnoid hemorrhage three times within 2 hours. The left vertebral angiogram showed a VADA at the distal origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The right vertebral artery was hypoplastic, and collateral circulation to the posterior fossa was poor.
Intervention: Stent-assisted coil embolization was performed under general anesthesia. The aneurysm was excluded from the circulation with good patency of the vertebral artery, although the fourth coil caused rebleeding from the aneurysmal dome during the procedure.
Conclusion: This is the first case report that demonstrates rebleeding from VADA during stent-assisted coil embolization in the acute stage of its rupture. We have to be aware of the risks and be ready to prevent fatal complications with this novel technique.