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Dietary carotenoids and risk of lung cancer in a pooled analysis of seven cohort studies.
- Source :
-
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology [Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev] 2004 Jan; Vol. 13 (1), pp. 40-8. - Publication Year :
- 2004
-
Abstract
- Intervention trials with supplemental beta-carotene have observed either no effect or a harmful effect on lung cancer risk. Because food composition databases for specific carotenoids have only become available recently, epidemiological evidence relating usual dietary levels of these carotenoids with lung cancer risk is limited. We analyzed the association between lung cancer risk and intakes of specific carotenoids using the primary data from seven cohort studies in North America and Europe. Carotenoid intakes were estimated from dietary questionnaires administered at baseline in each study. We calculated study-specific multivariate relative risks (RRs) and combined these using a random-effects model. The multivariate models included smoking history and other potential risk factors. During follow-up of up to 7-16 years across studies, 3,155 incident lung cancer cases were diagnosed among 399,765 participants. beta-Carotene intake was not associated with lung cancer risk (pooled multivariate RR = 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-1.11; highest versus lowest quintile). The RRs for alpha-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene were also close to unity. beta-Cryptoxanthin intake was inversely associated with lung cancer risk (RR = 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.86; highest versus lowest quintile). These results did not change after adjustment for intakes of vitamin C (with or without supplements), folate (with or without supplements), and other carotenoids and multivitamin use. The associations generally were similar among never, past, or current smokers and by histological type. Although smoking is the strongest risk factor for lung cancer, greater intake of foods high in beta-cryptoxanthin, such as citrus fruit, may modestly lower the risk.
- Subjects :
- Carotenoids administration & dosage
Cohort Studies
Confidence Intervals
Europe epidemiology
Female
Humans
Lung Neoplasms epidemiology
Lung Neoplasms pathology
Male
North America epidemiology
Registries
Risk Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires
Carotenoids adverse effects
Diet
Lung Neoplasms etiology
Smoking adverse effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1055-9965
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 14744731
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-038-3