High-dose busulfan in patients with myeloma.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of high-dose busulfan (HDB) with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in patients with myeloma.
Patients and Methods: Fifteen patients received HDB (16 mg/kg), eight of whom received high-dose melphalan (HDM) but had experienced a short remission or progression-free interval. Two patients had received HDM on two previous occasions, one had no response to low-dose melphalan, and four had impaired renal function (edathamil clearance < 40 mL/min). All patients received induction chemotherapy before HDB.
Results: Two patients were in complete remission (CR) after induction chemotherapy before HDB. Of the remaining 13 patients, four (31%) achieved CR and two (15%) achieved a partial remission for an overall response rate of 46%. There were three treatment-related deaths, but the toxicity was otherwise predictable and manageable.
Conclusions: In heavily pretreated patients, HDB results in a relatively high response rate. It can also be used safely in patients with renal impairment who are not suitable for HDM.