Impact of psychological dynamics of stress on the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor.

In an attempt to dissociate the relative impact of psychological vs. physiological concomitants of stress on the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), the influence of stressor controllability and predictability was investigated in rats. In addition, the effect of a purely psychological stressor, contextually conditioned fear, was examined. The response of the PBR in rats confronted with a naturalistic threat, a cat, was also tested. Various peripheral and CNS tissues were analyzed. Specific binding of [3H]Ro 5-4864 was significantly reduced in the kidneys of subjects receiving either controllable or uncontrollable shock. Similar changes were seen in the kidneys of subjects receiving either predictable or unpredictable shock. Mean [3H]Ro 5-4864 binding in lung was reduced following both predictable and unpredictable shock, but only the reduction in the predictable shock group reached significance. Controllability appeared to protect against the stress-induced reduction in [3H]Ro 5-4864 binding in lung. Contextually conditioned fear only affected PBR in the olfactory bulb, and exposure to a cat was without effect. These data suggest that the PBR responds only to potent stressors, and psychological influences on the PBR are tissue specific.