Craniofacial malformations and their syndromes. An overview for the speech and hearing practitioner.

Congenital malformations of the craniofacial region represent an important class of human developmental disorders. Abnormalities of speech and hearing frequently occur in this vast array of conditions. Knowledge of the diagnostic criteria, genetics, and natural history of these conditions is important for audiologists and speech-language pathologists because of their close involvement with the children and families in their care-providing role. Awareness of the important distinction between individuals with isolated defects vs. individuals who have their facial defect as part of a syndrome is important in diagnosis and management. Referral for genetic counseling is always indicated in families who have questions about these issues. The dysmorphologist, genetics professional, and speech-language pathologists are among those who play key roles in the care of persons with these disorders.