[Sertürner and morphine--a historical vignette].

Friedrich Wilhelm Sertürner was born near Paderborn in 1783. At the age of twenty he passed examinations as a pharmacist's assistant in Paderborn. In a letter to the editor of Trommsdorffs Journal der Pharmacie Vol 13 (1805) he reported on the isolation of a substance from opium which showed alkaline character and was later called by him "morphine". In 1806, Sertürner moved to Einbeck where he first worked as assistant to the tenant of the magistrate's pharmacy. In 1809, he became pharmacist and, since the tenant was already 75 years old, he intended to take charge of the pharmacy. However,he was not successful. During the invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte's troops into Europe, French legislation became valid in those parts which fell under French government. According to French law, Sertürner was allowed to open a second pharmacy. In Einbeck, Sertürner continued research work on morphine and published the results in two papers. In one of these (1817), he introduced observations made with the drug in humans and for the first time called it "morphine". The French chemist Gay-Lussac showed interest in that publication and ordered a translation into French which earned Sertürner the scientific break-through. His was the first achievement in alkaloid research, and for that he received a doctor degree from the university of Jena in 1817.When Napoleon was finally defeated, Sertürner had to close his pharmacy in Einbeck and found another one in Hameln. When asiatic cholera spread in Germany in 1831, he postulated that cholera is caused by a poisonous,animated reproducing organism and made suggestions to avoid infection which are still valid today.Sertürner was honoured by many institutions but still felt not properly esteemed. His behavior become odd and he debilitated. He died in 1841 and was buried in Einbeck.