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Primary sequence characterization of catestatin intermediates and peptides defines proteolytic cleavage sites utilized for converting chromogranin a into active catestatin secreted from neuroendocrine chromaffin cells.
- Source :
-
Biochemistry [Biochemistry] 2003 Jun 17; Vol. 42 (23), pp. 6938-46. - Publication Year :
- 2003
-
Abstract
- Catestatin is an active 21-residue peptide derived from the chromogranin A (CgA) precursor, and catestatin is secreted from neuroendocrine chromaffin cells as an autocrine regulator of nicotine-stimulated catecholamine release. The goal of this study was to characterize the primary sequences of high molecular mass catestatin intermediates and peptides to define the proteolytic cleavage sites within CgA that are utilized in the biosynthesis of catestatin. Catestatin-containing polypeptides, demonstrated by anti-catestatin western blots, of 54-56, 50, 32, and 17 kDa contained NH(2)-terminal peptide sequences that indicated proteolytic cleavages of the CgA precursor at KK downward arrow, KR downward arrow, R downward arrow, and KR downward arrow basic residue sites, respectively. The COOH termini of these catestatin intermediates were defined by the presence of the COOH-terminal tryptic peptide of the CgA precursor, corresponding to residues 421-430, which was identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Results also demonstrated the presence of 54-56 and 50 kDa catestatin intermediates that contain the NH(2) terminus of CgA. Secretion of catestatin intermediates from chromaffin cells was accompanied by the cosecretion of catestatin (CgA(344)(-)(364)) and variant peptide forms (CgA(343)(-)(368) and CgA(332)(-)(361)). These determined cleavage sites predicted that production of high molecular mass catestatin intermediates requires cleavage at the COOH-terminal sides of paired basic residues, which is compatible with the cleavage specificities of PC1 and PC2 prohormone convertases. However, it is notable that production of catestatin itself (CgA(344)(-)(364)) utilizes more unusual cleavage sites at the NH(2)-terminal sides of downward arrow R and downward arrow RR basic residue sites, consistent with the cleavage specificities of the chromaffin granule cysteine protease "PTP" that participates in proenkephalin processing. These findings demonstrate that production of catestatin involves cleavage of CgA at paired basic and monobasic residues, necessary steps for catestatin peptide regulation of nicotinic cholinergic-induced catecholamine release.
- Subjects :
- Adrenal Medulla chemistry
Adrenal Medulla cytology
Amino Acid Sequence
Amino Acids, Basic genetics
Amino Acids, Basic metabolism
Animals
Binding Sites
Blotting, Western
Cattle
Chromaffin Granules enzymology
Chromogranin A
Chromogranins chemistry
Chromogranins genetics
Enkephalins metabolism
Molecular Sequence Data
Molecular Weight
Peptide Fragments chemistry
Peptide Fragments metabolism
Peptide Mapping
Peptides chemistry
Peptides genetics
Protein Precursors metabolism
Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods
Trypsin metabolism
Chromaffin Cells metabolism
Chromogranins biosynthesis
Chromogranins metabolism
Peptide Fragments biosynthesis
Peptides metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0006-2960
- Volume :
- 42
- Issue :
- 23
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Biochemistry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 12795588
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0300433