[Repair of peripheral nerve defect by xenogeneic acellular nerve basal lamina scaffolds].

Objective: To explore the possibility to bridge peripheral nerve defects by xenogeneic acellular nerve basal lamina scaffolds.
Methods: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups; in each group, the left sciatic nerves were bridged respectively by predegenerated or fresh xenogeneic acellular nerve basal lamina scaffolds, autogenous nerve grafting, fresh xenogeneic nerve grafting or without bridging. Two kinds of acellular nerve basal lamina scaffolds, extracted by 3% Triton X-100 and 4% deoxycholate sodium from either fresh rabbit tibial nerves or predegenerated ones for 2 weeks, were transplanted to bridge 15 mm rat sciatic nerve gaps. Six months after the grafting, the recovery of function was evaluated by gait analysis, pinch test, morphological and morphometric analysis.
Results: The sciatic nerve function indexes (SFI) were -30.7% +/- 6.8% in rats treated with xenogeneic acellular nerve, -36.2% +/- 9.7% with xenogeneic predegenerated acellular nerve, and -33.9% +/- 11.3% with autograft respectively (P > 0.05). The number of regenerative myelinated axons, diameter of myelinated fibers and thickness of myelin sheath in acellular xenograft were satisfactory when compared with that in autograft. Regenerated microfascicles distributed in the center of degenerated and acellular nerve group. The regenerated nerve fibers had normal morphological and structural characters under transmission electron microscope. The number and diameter of myelinated fibers in degenerated accellular nerve group was similar to that of autograft group (P > 0.05). Whereas the thickness of myelin sheath in degenerated accellular nerve group was significantly less than that of autograft group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The above results indicate that xenogeneic acellular nerve basal lamina scaffolds extracted by chemical procedure can be successfully used to repair nerve defects without any immunosuppressants.