Primary colorectal carcinomas and their intrapulmonary metastases: clinical, glyco-, immuno- and lectin histochemical, nuclear and syntactic structure analysis with emphasis on correlation with period of occurrence of metastases and survival.

Background: The aim of the study was to correlate clinical factors (disease-free interval/survival) with growth pattern in terms of structural entropy of patients with primary colorectal carcinomas and secondary lung lesions.
Methods: Proliferation and apoptosis markers as well as determinants involved in information transfer by protein-carbohydrate interactions were monitored. The clinical history, surgical and histopathological reports, tumor load, survival of the patients with a maximum follow-up of 14 years, and sections of paraffin blocks of 60 colorectal carcinoma specimens and their pulmonary metastases were examined. Measurements of the staining intensities after processing sections of primary and secondary carcinomas with the marker panel and calculations of syntactic structure and stereological parameters were performed.
Results: The majority of primary tumors (80%, 49/60) were surgically treated at advanced tumor stages (pT3/pT4), with detectable lymph node involvement (34/60). Lung metastases were resected after a median disease-free interval of 30.5 months, an average of 3.0 metastases adding up to a mean intrapulmonary tumor load of 9.98 ccm. The median survival was calculated to be 82 months after resection of the colon/rectal carcinomas and 40 months after that of intrapulmonary metastases. It was correlated with certain structural and vascular features such as vascular circumference. The proliferation index and several textural features were strongly associated with vascularization in primary and secondary tumors.
Conclusions: Despite intra- and interindividual variations, vascularization properties and features such as bcl-2 positivity and CEA- and galectin-3-associated structural entropy in primary tumors or metastases are described as independent prognostic features. Absence of lymph node involvement or limited tumor stages of colon/rectal carcinomas should not exclude patients from thorough postsurgical scrutiny to detect lung metastases.