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Protein expression in Down syndrome brain.
- Source :
-
Amino acids [Amino Acids] 2001 Dec; Vol. 21 (4), pp. 331-61. - Publication Year :
- 2001
-
Abstract
- Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality associated with early mental retardation and neurological abnormalities followed by precocious age dependent Alzheimer-type neurode generation later in life. Knowledge of the pathological mechanisms involved in DS is far from complete, but overexpression of genes residing in chromosome 21 was considered to be the central point for the DS phenotype. In this regard, beta amyloid precursor protein (APP), CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and S100beta have been implicated in causing apoptosis, a mechanism thought to be responsible for neuronal loss in DS, in one way or another. The gene dosage hypothesis has been challenged, however, and dysregulation of expression of genes located on other chromosomes has been described, which may well be secondary to chromosomal imbalance or a direct consequence of the disease process. The present review focuses on the protein expression profile in DS and we postulate that abnormalities in the coordinated expression, as well as interaction of proteins may be responsible for the neuropathology of DS. A series of candidate proteins are discussed that may be directly causing or reflecting the DS phenotype, in particular the brain abnormalities in DS.
- Subjects :
- Antioxidants metabolism
Apoptosis physiology
Cell Adhesion Molecules genetics
Cell Adhesion Molecules metabolism
Cytokines genetics
Cytokines metabolism
Down Syndrome genetics
Humans
Molecular Chaperones genetics
Molecular Chaperones metabolism
Nerve Growth Factors genetics
Nerve Growth Factors metabolism
Neurotransmitter Agents genetics
Neurotransmitter Agents metabolism
Superoxide Dismutase genetics
Superoxide Dismutase metabolism
Brain physiology
Down Syndrome metabolism
Proteins genetics
Proteins metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0939-4451
- Volume :
- 21
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Amino acids
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 11858695
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s007260170001