Empirical evidence for the nature of holistic comfort.

The nursing outcome of holistic comfort encompasses physical, psychospiritual, social, and environmental aspects of human nature. The primary purpose of this study was to test four propositions about the nature of comfort: (a) Comfort has equal proportions of state and trait characteristics; (b) comfort is sensitive to changes over time; (c) when subjects are exposed to an effective intervention, they demonstrate differences in comfort that increase in a linear way compared to a control group; and (d) the whole (total comfort) is greater than the sum of its parts (relief plus ease plus transcendence). A secondary purpose of this study was to present preliminary concurrent validity between two types of comfort instruments, a traditional questionnaire with a Likert-type format and visual analog scales. Findings were positive for all theoretical propositions and moderate concurrent validity between the Radiation Therapy Comfort Questionnaire and the visual analog scale for total comfort was demonstrated.