[Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children induced by streptococcal infection].

FROM OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER TO PANDAS: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) represents a potentially severe and handicapping disorder that affects several hundreds of thousands of children in France. OCD has, for many years, been considered as a neurosis resulting from mental conflicts. It is currently seen as a neurobiological disorder, the etiological substratum of which is more organic than mental. Recently a sub-type of OCD was isolated in children following infection by Group A b-hemolytic streptococci. This sub-type has been described as Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS). A NEW PHYSIOPATHOLOGICAL APPROACH: The putative dysimmune relationship between bacterial infection and neurotic disorder has led to the development of an original etiopathogenic model that may lead to new therapeutic strategies. The clinical case report of an adolescent presenting with trichotillomania associated with recurrent pharyngitis is a good illustration of this. PUBLISHED DATA: Data published in medical literature over the last 10 years indicates a 10% prevalence in the young suffering from OCD, i.e. 0.1 to 0.3% of the young population.