[Neutropenic enteropathy associated with autoimmune diseases. A more aggressive presentation].

Background: There is just one case report dealing with neutropenic enteropathy associated with autoimmune diseases.
Method: An autopsy analysis of neutropenic enteropathy in autoimmune and hematologic diseases was carried on. Gross findings and slides were reviewed. A blind analysis is of the mucosal lesions in small and large intestine as well as of the clinical course was made.
Results: Seventeen cases of neutropenic enteropathy were found a once period of 13 years (1,068 autopsies). Fourteen cases were seen in patients with hematologic diseases and three in patients with autoimmune diseases. Acute symptoms had a 6-day evolution and were characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, ascitis, and fever in autoimmune diseases. Extension of colonic damage was 58 and 13% in small bowel. Cases associated with hematologic diseases had longer clinical course with fever abdominal pain and colonic lesions in 21% of the surface and small bowel lesions in 6% of the mucosa. No acute inflammatory infiltrate around the necrotic zones was observed in either group Azathioprine, steroids, methotrexate, and alkylating agents were associated to neutropenia.
Conclusions: Clinical evolution and morphologic findings were more severe in neutropenic enteropathy associated with autoimmune diseases than in patients with hematologic diseases.