Outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Outcomes of 847 planned procedures.

Background: Cholecystectomy is now being performed on an outpatient basis at many centers. The purpose of this study was to review the results of our large experience with this procedure.
Methods: Between 1990 and 1997, 2288 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at our clinic. A total of 847 (37%) were scheduled as outpatients. The selection criteria for planned outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy called for nonfrail patients with an ASA < 4 who were living < 2 h from the hospital. All patients received detailed preoperative instruction about outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A questionnaire was sent to 309 patients to sample their opinions.
Results: Since 1993, we have increased the number of planned outpatient cholecystectomies performed at our clinic, but the percentage of cholecystectomies completed on an outpatient basis has remained approximately 60%. A total of 547 of 847 operations scheduled as outpatient procedures (74.5%) were completed as planned, and 204 patients (24%) were kept in the hospital overnight. Twenty-seven (3%) were converted to open procedures. Eighteen laparoscopic patients (2%) stayed > 1 day (range, 2-20). None of the patients died. Of the 142 patients (46%) who completed our opinion survey, 66% were happy with their experience, 32% would like to have stayed in the hospital, and 2% were undecided.
Conclusion: Successful same-day surgery requires proper patient instruction, appropriate patient selection, and a low threshold to convert patients to inpatient status when the situation warrants. No major complications occurred as a result of same-day discharge, and two-thirds of the patients said that they preferred outpatient surgery.