[Living donors in kidney transplantation. Renaissance by non-related donors?].

Renal Transplantation is hampered worldwide by the continuing lack of cadaveric organs. The discrepancy between the number of patients on the waiting list and the number of organs available is further compounded by the still unresolved problem of chronic transplant failure. Against this background, the arguments for increasing acceptance of the use of kidneys from living donors, both related and unrelated, are discussed. Initial reports on appreciably improved transplant survival rates of organs from unrelated living donors (85% survival after 3 years [19]) have since been confirmed by more recent studies. Our own results, in part obtained during a prospective study involving 103 patients (53 related, 50 unrelated) done between October 1994 and April 1999, with strict psychological care/evaluation prior to and after transplantation, revealed a four-year transplant survival rate of 98% in both groups. So far, the higher rejection rate of 34% in unrelated, vs. 13.2% in related, donors has not led to any earlier chronic dysfunction of the transplant. The expanded use of living kidney donors is not only ethically justifiable, but also improves the outcome.