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Effects of primary- and secondary-treated bleached kraft mill effluents on the immune system and physiological parameters of roach.
- Source :
-
Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) [Aquat Toxicol] 2000 Nov; Vol. 51 (1), pp. 55-67. - Publication Year :
- 2000
-
Abstract
- The present study was designed to examine, whether, effluents from a modern pulp and paper mill using elemental chlorine-free/total chlorine-free (ECF/TCF) bleaching, exert effects on the immune system of fish and, in addition, to relate these findings to physiological parameters known to be affected by bleached kraft-mill effluents (BKME). Roach (Rutilus rutilus) were exposed in laboratory conditions to primary- or secondary-treated effluent from a pulp and paper mill. In order to study their capability to respond to foreign antigens they were immunised with bovine gamma-globulin (BGG) prior to exposure. The number of anti-BGG antibody-secreting cells (ASC) and the number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) in the spleen and blood as well as the level of anti-BGG specific antibodies and concentration of plasma immunoglobulin (IgM) were studied. Phagocytosis and migration of granulocytes of the head kidney were also determined. In addition to the immunological parameters, the activity of hepatic biotransformation enzymes, the carbohydrate metabolism and osmoregulation were examined. Exposure of roach for 21 days to BKME affected several immunological parameters. Both effluents, primary- and secondary-treated, impaired the immunoreactivity of the fish. Sex-related differences in the immune responses were evident in many parameters e.g. in the number of blood ISC and splenic ASC. Sex also had effects on cortisol levels and in the induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD). These results demonstrate that both primary- and secondary-treated effluent from a pulp and paper mill using ECF/TCF bleaching have effects on fish immune functions. Further, these findings suggest that steroids may contribute to immunomodulation in fish.
- Subjects :
- Adenosine Triphosphatases metabolism
Animals
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Cell Movement drug effects
Chlorine toxicity
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 biosynthesis
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Fresh Water analysis
Gills drug effects
Gills enzymology
Hydrocortisone blood
Immunoglobulin M biosynthesis
Industrial Waste analysis
Liver Glycogen metabolism
Lymphocytes drug effects
Lymphocytes immunology
Neutrophils drug effects
Neutrophils immunology
Respiratory Burst drug effects
Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Water-Electrolyte Balance drug effects
Fishes immunology
Immune System drug effects
Industrial Waste adverse effects
Paper
Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0166-445X
- Volume :
- 51
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 10998499
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-445x(00)00101-6