Past and future of biliary atresia.

Background: With the advent of liver transplantation the outcome of children with biliary atresia (BA) has improved. Is Kasai hepatic portoenterostomy (KHPE) still a valuable option for the treatment of these patients?
Methods: From 1974 to 1998, 77 patients with biliary atresia have been treated at our institution: 50 girls and 27 boys.
Results: Seventy-four patients had a KHPE, and 3 patients had no KHPE because of delay in diagnosis. A total of 65 of 74 patients (88%) had undergone KHPE type I, 4 patients (5.4%) KHPE type II, 3 patients (4%) had a Suruga modification, and 2 patients (2.6%) had a portocholecystostomy. Among the 74 patients, 11 were lost to follow-up and their cases were considered failures. Seventeen of our patients are alive at long-term follow-up after KHPE. Among the 77 patients, 33 (43%) had an orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Successful KHPE patients underwent transplant at a mean age of 9 years, and KHPE failed at a mean age of 11 months. A total of 25 of 77 (32%) of patients are alive thanks to OLT. In the cohort, the overall survival rate for the KHPE plus OLT is 42 of 77 (55%). Mortality and morbidity rates were more frequent among the younger patients who had early OLT after KHPE failure. In our series, overall survival rate was improved when the patient had a successful KHPE (P < .001).
Conclusions: Kasai hepatic portoenterostomy (KHPE) continues to be a valuable procedure in the treatment of infants with biliary atresia (BA). Successful KHPE permits transplantation at an age at which mortality and morbidity are decreased leading to a better outcome.