Clinical situations in which amputation is preferred to pulp capping because of biologic considerations.

Calcium hydroxide, in its various forms, has become the preferred agent of most practitioners who perform pulp capping. The application of calcium hydroxide to the pulp stimulates the growth of new dentin and protects the pulp from subsequent irritation. However, the new dentin generated by the pulp may, in turn, infringe on the pulp. If the thickness of the pulp tissue is large, this infringement will not be significant. If the volume of pulp tissue is shallow, the same amount of infringement may cause sufficient impairment of circulation to the cornal area of the pulp, leading to an area of the necrosis may then contaminate the entire pulp, and root canal therapy will become necessary. Therefore, pulpal amputation is the preferred treatment in such situations.