[Pseudallescheria boydii osteoarthritis in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report].

Introduction: The outcome of neutropenic patients with Pseudallescheria boydii infection is poor.
Exegesis: We report the first case of Pseudallescheria boydii hip arthritis in a patient treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In vitro susceptibility testing showed that the strain was resistant to amphotericin B, fluorocytosine and nystatin, but susceptible to itraconazole. The patient received oral itraconazole (600 mg/day) and clinical symptoms initially resolved. Two months later, after a course of chemotherapy and high-dose steroids while receiving oral itraconazole treatment, the patient developed fever, skin lesions and disseminated lung infiltrates due to Pseudallescheria boydii and finally died.
Conclusion: This case illustrates the severity of fungal infections due to Pseudallescheria boydii despite a presumably well-conducted antifungal therapy.