Interaction of photons traversing a slowly varying electromagnetic background.

When two electromagnetic fields counterpropagate, they are modified due to mutual interaction via the polarized virtual electron-positron states of the vacuum. By studying how photon-photon scattering effects such as birefringence and four-wave mixing evolve as the fields pass through one another, we find a significant increase during overlap when both electromagnetic variants can be nonzero. The results have particular relevance for calculations based on a constant field background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]