Peanuts and tree nuts: clinical reality and social consequences

The frequency of allergic reactions to peanut and tree nuts has increased. The cumulated prevalence of peanut allergy is high, 0.5 to 1.2% in American and Western European children; the prevalence of tree nut allergy is 0.5%. Allergic reactions to peanut and tree nuts can be life threatening. This problem is widely discussed in the media. Sensitization to tree nuts should be investigated in children with allergy to peanut or to any other nut. Evaluation  of the patient must take into account the clinical data and the results of skin tests, specific IgE assays and labial provocation tests. The decision of whether to perform a provocation challenge should be individualized. Children, particularly adolescents, at risk for severe reactions include those with multiple allergies, asthma, especially uncontrolled asthma, or facilitating factors such as drugs (including aspirin), alcohol and exercice. At present, prevention calls for avoidance of peanuts and tree nuts. Global management and careful education are essential and should be tailored to each child and its family. Management of severe food allergies must be comprehansive and must consist of more than just epinephrine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]