Defense strategies used by two sympatric vineyard moth pests.

Highlights: [•] We compared investment in defense systems of two related species of grapevine moth. [•] E. ambiguella larvae invest more into morphological defenses. [•] L. botrana larvae invested more into behavioral defenses. [•] E. ambiguella strongly responded to immune challenge contrary to L. botrana. [•] L. botrana larvae were more parasitized by various parasitoid species. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]