The Multilevel Modular DC Converter.

The modular multilevel converter (M2C) has become an increasingly important topology in medium- and high-voltage applications. A limitation is that it relies on positive and negative half-cycles of the ac output voltage waveform to achieve charge balance on the submodule capacitors. To overcome this constraint a secondary power loop is introduced that exchanges power with the primary power loops at the input and output. Power is exchanged between the primary and secondary loops by using the principle of orthogonality of power flow at different frequencies. Two modular multilevel topologies are proposed to step up or step down dc in medium- and high-voltage dc applications: the tuned filter modular multilevel dc converter and the push–pull modular multilevel dc converter. An analytical simulation of the latter converter is presented to explain the operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]