Sigara Bırakmada İlaç Tedavisi.

Cigarette smoking kills and leads to many medical disorders. Smoking does not cause behavioral problems but during cessation and withdrawal phase mental symptoms occur that are comparable to psychiatric inpatient symptom levels, depending on the quantity consumed regularly. When a person inhales smoke from a cigarette, it is absorbed rapidly into the pulmonary venous circulation. It then enters the arterial circulation and moves quickly to the brain. Cessation of cigarette smoking has been estimated to increase life expectancy among smokers who stopped at the age of 35 years by 6.9 to 8.5 years for men and 6.1 to 7.7 years for women. The disease burden related to smoking has begun to decline in countries such as the UK, US and Australia, which have progressively introduced strict prevention. Approximately 10%-15% of active smokers will go on to develop cancer and 87% of all lung cancers can be attributed to smoking. Smoking is also related to the development of cancers of the pancreas, kidney, bladder, stomach, and cervix. Effective treatments for nicotine dependence has been developed in the last 30 years. There are psychotropic drugs used alone or in combination. While nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and veranicline are the first line treatment, clonidine and nortriptyline are second line. Nicotine vaccine and other potential treatment approaches have also been investigated. Association studies reveal that genetic polymorphism is a factor both in initiation of smoking and development of dependence. By using pharmacogenetic techniques individual differences for the required drug treatment might be understood. Thus the selection of the most appropriate pharmacotherapy can be done by considering the behavioral and pharmacological profiles of the patient. Treatment of cigarette smoking should be individualized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]