Green chemical conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) using unsymmetrical dicationic ionic liquids under mild reaction condition.

Highlights: [•] Unsymmetrical dicationic imidazolium based ILs were synthesized. [•] Imidazolium, pyridinium, and triethyl ammonium cations were used. [•] Prepared ILs showed efficient catalytic activity in fructose dehydration. [•] 100% fructose conversion and 92.3% HMF yield was obtained. [•] 70°C temperature and 40min reaction time gave the good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]