High-throughput impedance spectroscopy biosensor array chip.

Impedance spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing materials that exhibit a frequency dependent behaviour to an applied electric field. This paper introduces a fully integrated multi-channel impedance extraction circuit that can both generate AC stimulus signals over a broad frequency range and also measure and digitize the real and imaginary components of the impedance response. The circuit was fabricated in a 0.5μm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor. Tailored for cellular membrane interface characterization, the signal generator produces sinusoidal waves from 10mHz to 10kHz. To suit a variety of applications, the impedance extraction circuit provides a programmable current measurement range from 100pA to 100nA with a measured resolution of approximately 100fA. Occupying only 0.045mm² per measurement channel, the circuit is compact enough to include nearly 200 channels in a 3x3mm² die area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]