Downward flame spread over a thick PMMA slab in an opposed flow environment: experiment and modeling

This work investigates experimentally and theoretically the downward spread of a flame over a thick polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) slab with an opposed flow of air. Simulation results, using an unsteady combustion model with mixed convection, indicate that the ignition delay time increases with a decreasing opposed-flow temperature or increasing velocity. The ignition delay time is nearly constant at a low opposed flow velocity, i.e., <F><OVL TYPE="BAR" STYLE="S">u∞</OVL> ≤ 30 cm/s</F>. Experiments were conducted at three different opposed flow temperatures and velocities, namely, <F><OVL TYPE="BAR" STYLE="S">Ti</OVL> = 313, 333</F>, and 353 K and <F><OVL TYPE="BAR" STYLE="S">u∞</OVL>= 40, 70, and 100 cm/s</F>, respectively. Measurements included the flame-spread rate and temperature distributions, using thermocouples and laser-holographic interferometry. The qualitative trends of the flame-spread rate and thermal boundary layer thickness, as obtained experimentally and from numerical predictions, were identical. For a quantitative comparison, the predicted and experimental flame-spread rates correlated well with each other, except at the lowest velocity <F>(<OVL TYPE="BAR" STYLE="S">u∞</OVL> = 40 cm/s)</F>. The discrepancies between the measured and predicted thermal boundary layer thicknesses decreased with an increasing flow velocity. The quantitative agreement with a high velocity indicates that the spread of an opposed flame is mainly controlled by the flame front, whereas the discrepancies at low flow rates demonstrate the importance of radiation, the finite length of the fuel, and also three-dimensional effects, which were not considered in the model. The temperature profiles around the flame front measured by interferometric photographs indicate a recirculation flow there, as predicted by the simulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]