Biocrusts serve as biomarkers for the upper 30cm soil water content.

Highlights: [•] Crusts may serve as biomarkers for surface wetness duration. [•] A close link between crust biomass and the upper 30cm soil moisture was found. [•] Crust type may serve as biomarkers for the upper 30cm soil moisture. [•] Crust typology is important for understanding ecosystem function and structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]