Performance of trinexapac-ethyl on Lolium perenne seed crops in diverse lodging environments.

Highlights: [•] Application of trinexapac-ethyl plant growth regulator reduced stem length and controlled lodging in perennial ryegrass across nine diverse lodging environments. [•] Trinexapac-ethyl consistently increased seed yield and harvest index in perennial ryegrass. [•] Timing trinexapac-ethyl applications between BBCH stages 32 and 51 produced the best seed yield results. [•] Seed yield increases resulting from trinexapac-ethyl application were attributable to a greater number of seeds spikelet−1 and improvements in seed set. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]