Effect of stepwise sulfidation on a MoO3/CeO2–Al2O3 catalyst for sulfur-resistant methanation.

Highlights: [•] Stepwise sulfidation methods were used on MoO3/CeO2–Al2O3 catalyst. [•] Stepwise sulfidation processes enhanced the methanation activity and stability. [•] Stepwise sulfidation decreased the damage to the textural structure of the catalyst. [•] Stepwise sulfidation decreased the damage to the CeO2 particles in the catalyst. [•] Stepwise sulfidation affected the CeO2 in the catalysts rather than the MoO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]