On the morning commute problem with bottleneck congestion and parking space constraints.

Highlights: [•] Investigated the morning commute problem with both bottleneck congestion and parking space constraints. [•] Examined the situation when some commuters have reserved parking spots while others have to compete for public ones. [•] Appropriate combination of reserved and unreserved parking spots can temporally relieve bottleneck congestion. [•] System performance is quantified in terms of the relative proportions of the two classes of commuters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]