Cholinesterases and neurotoxicity as highly sensitive biomarkers for an organophosphate insecticide in a freshwater gastropod (Chilina gibbosa) with low sensitivity carboxylesterases.

Highlights: [•] Cholinesterases of C. gibbosa are very sensitive to azinphos-methyl. [•] Carboxylesterases are no inhibited at environmental concentrations. [•] Azinphos-methyl causes signs of neurotoxicity and increase glutathione and catalase. [•] C. gibbosa could be included as sentinel in monitoring programs of pesticide hazard. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]