Rocking response assessment of in-plane laterally-loaded masonry walls with openings.

Highlights: [•] Rocking behaviour of a masonry wall with opening is investigated by FE analysis. [•] Low response sensitivity to fracture energies is shown. [•] The relationship between rocking rotations of the spandrel and piers is analysed. [•] Several pier effective heights, spandrel lengths and reduction factors are tested. [•] Analytical drifts of equivalent frame models are compared to experimental drifts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]