Combined isotropic and kinematic hardening in phenomenological switching models for ferroelectric ceramics

A phenomenological model for ferroelectric switching is presented in this paper. The model is based on ideas of plasticity. A switching surface is used as the criterion for non-linear response of the material. Hardening models are used to control the size and position of the switching surface in electric field space. The distinctions between kinematic, isotropic and combined hardening models are discussed. The predicted response to electric loading is computed using combinations of isotropic and kinematic hardening. The calculated hysteresis loop and poling curve are in good agreement with experimental data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]