The importance of heterogeneity revisited from a multiscale and multitaxa approach.

Highlights: [•] We tested if spatial diversity patterns correlate among different organismic groups. [•] Generally, β-diversity revealed to contribute much more to γ-diversity than α-diversity. [•] β-Diversity correlated more strongly between trophic levels than α-diversity. [•] More strongly connected trophic levels revealed not generally stronger relationships. [•] Heterogeneity of beech forests and differences among trophic guilds must be considered in conservation strategies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]