Income and the development of effortful control as predictors of teacher reports of preschool adjustment.

Highlights: [•] We examine the effect of income on rank-order changes in effortful control across the range of income. [•] Income predicts smaller relative increases in effortful control. [•] Relative changes in effortful control predict teacher reports of preschool adjustment. [•] There are trends toward indirect effects of income on adjustment through effortful control. [•] There is specificity to the dimensions of effortful control in the prediction of adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]