XIII ESTSS Conference: "Trauma and its clinical pathways: PTSD and beyond", Bologna, June 2013.

The article deals with papers presented at the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) Conference on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) held in Bologna, Italy in June 2013. A cross-sectional study which examined the transgenerational effects of early lifetime traumatization in a sample of aging former children of World War II and their children is discussed. A paper explored the role of childhood maltreatment in the transmission of trauma from parent in the Rwandan genocide.