Correlation between the hysteresis and the initial defect density of graphene.

The role of the initial defects of graphene characterized by Raman spectroscopy is correlated with the physical mechanisms causing the hysteretic device characteristics of graphene field effect transistors (FETs). Fast charging related to the tunneling-induced charge exchange is found to be closely correlated with the initial defect density, while slow charging related to environmental influences such as the water redox reaction showed a weak correlation. It can be concluded that the intrinsic quality of graphene should be improved to minimize the hysteresis of graphene FETs even in an air-tight environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]