Fundamental limits of detection in the far infrared.

Highlights: [•] We model the fundamental limits of detection in the 0.1–10THz range. [•] We target the detection of high redshift dusty galaxies as a specific case. [•] We include noise from atmospheric, extraterrestrial and optical emissions. [•] We model various ground based, airborne and space based systems. [•] Large-aperture and cryogenic balloon-borne telescopes are also explored. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]