Nanostructured rough gold electrodes as platforms to enhance the sensitivity of electrochemical genosensors.

Highlights: [•] Nanostructured rough gold electrodes as general DNA biosensors platforms. [•] Electrode nanopatterning was accomplished by repetitive square-wave perturbing potential. [•] Hybridization was electrochemically monitored by using electrostatic or intercalative indicators. [•] PCR amplified real samples can be detected without complicated sample treatment procedures. [•] The genosensor exhibits a wide linear range, high sensitivity and remarkable long-term storage stability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]